Incoterms® 2020 — reference¶

.cart uses ICC Incoterms® 2020 codes in shipping.incoterms to express delivery terms for (international) B2B transactions. This page is a convenience reference for mapping those codes; it is not a substitute for the official rules.

Trademark & source

Incoterms® is a registered trademark of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). The definitive rules are published by the ICC as Incoterms® 2020 (ICC Publication 723E). The summaries below are plain-language paraphrases for integration purposes only — always defer to the official text: https://iccwbo.org/business-solutions/incoterms-rules/incoterms-2020/.

The 11 rules¶

There are 11 rules in Incoterms® 2020, split into two groups by transport mode.

Any mode(s) of transport¶

Code	Name	Risk transfers to buyer	Main-carriage cost	Import clearance
EXW	Ex Works	At seller's premises, goods placed at buyer's disposal (not loaded)	Buyer	Buyer
FCA	Free Carrier	On delivery to the carrier/place named by the buyer	Buyer	Buyer
CPT	Carriage Paid To	When handed to the first carrier	Seller	Buyer
CIP	Carriage and Insurance Paid To	When handed to the first carrier	Seller (+ insurance)	Buyer
DAP	Delivered at Place	At named place, ready for unloading	Seller	Buyer
DPU	Delivered at Place Unloaded	At named place, once unloaded	Seller	Buyer
DDP	Delivered Duty Paid	At named place, cleared for import	Seller	Seller

Sea and inland waterway transport¶

Code	Name	Risk transfers to buyer	Main-carriage cost	Import clearance
FAS	Free Alongside Ship	When placed alongside the vessel at the named port	Buyer	Buyer
FOB	Free on Board	When goods are on board the vessel	Buyer	Buyer
CFR	Cost and Freight	When goods are on board at the origin port	Seller	Buyer
CIF	Cost, Insurance and Freight	When goods are on board at the origin port	Seller (+ insurance)	Buyer

Term-by-term¶

EXW — Ex Works. Minimum seller obligation: the seller makes the goods available at their own premises; the buyer bears all cost and risk (including loading) from that point.
FCA — Free Carrier. The seller delivers the goods to a carrier or place nominated by the buyer; risk passes on handover. 2020 added an option for the parties to arrange an on-board bill of lading.
CPT — Carriage Paid To. The seller pays carriage to the named destination, but risk passes to the buyer as soon as the goods are handed to the first carrier.
CIP — Carriage and Insurance Paid To. As CPT, and the seller must also contract insurance — in 2020 at the higher level (Institute Cargo Clauses A / all-risks).
DAP — Delivered at Place. The seller bears risk until the goods are placed at the buyer's disposal at the named place, ready for unloading.
DPU — Delivered at Place Unloaded. As DAP, but the seller also unloads. The only Incoterm that requires the seller to unload. (Renamed from DAT in the 2020 revision.)
DDP — Delivered Duty Paid. Maximum seller obligation: delivered cleared for import with all duties and taxes paid.
FAS — Free Alongside Ship. The seller delivers alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment; risk passes there.
FOB — Free on Board. The seller delivers the goods on board the vessel; risk passes once they are on board.
CFR — Cost and Freight. The seller pays cost and freight to the destination port, but risk passes when the goods are on board at origin.
CIF — Cost, Insurance and Freight. As CFR, plus the seller arranges insurance — in 2020 at the minimum level (Institute Cargo Clauses C).

Notable 2020 changes¶

DAT → DPU: renamed, and generalized so delivery can be at any place, not only a terminal.
CIP now requires higher default insurance cover (ICC Clauses A); CIF keeps the minimum (ICC Clauses C).
FCA gained an optional on-board bill-of-lading mechanism.

In a `.cart` file¶

"shipping": {
  "incoterms": "DAP",
  "ship_to": { "address_type": "warehouse", "country": "IL" }
}

Incoterms map onto the DeliveryTerms element of UBL/UN-CEFACT PO and RFQ documents — see the standards mapping.